Q5 — NOT a cloud characteristic
CorrectC) Fixed resource allocation
RationaleCloud is elastic/on-demand; fixed allocation contradicts scalability and elasticity.
CitationCloud Lec 1, Ch01 — "Cloud Computing offers on-demand, scalable and elastic computing"; "elastic computing refers to the ability of dynamically and on-demand acquiring computing resources."
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Q7 — KVM live migration
CorrectA) Moving a running VM between physical hosts with no service interruption
RationaleLive migration relocates a powered-on VM while apps keep running.
CitationCloud Lec 5, Ch03 — "KVM supports live migration, which is the ability to move a running VM between physical hosts with no noticeable service interruption."
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Q9 — Virtualization definition
CorrectB) The process of creating a virtual (software-based) version of a physical resource
RationaleVirtualization creates software-based stand-ins for physical hardware.
CitationCloud Lec 3, Ch02 — "virtualization technology, which is the process of creating something virtual for anything physical, meaning software based."
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Set B
Q1 — Type 1 hypervisor alias
CorrectB) Bare-metal hypervisor
RationaleSame as Set A Q8; Type 1 = bare-metal.
CitationCloud Lec 3, Ch02 — bare-metal hypervisor definition.
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Q2 — Elastic computing
CorrectB) The ability to dynamically and on-demand acquire computing resources for variable workloads
RationaleElasticity = dynamic, on-demand scaling for variable demand.
CitationCloud Lec 1, Ch01 — "elastic computing refers to the ability of dynamically and on-demand acquiring computing resources and supporting a variable workload."
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Q3 — IaaS user control
CorrectB) Operating systems and deployed applications
RationaleIaaS users manage OS/apps; provider owns physical infrastructure.
CitationCloud Lec 2, Ch01 — "The user does not manage or control the underlying Cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications."
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Q4 — KVM VM implementation
CorrectB) A regular Linux process scheduled by the standard Linux scheduler
RationaleKVM integrates with the Linux kernel; each VM is a schedulable process.
CitationCloud lec 4 / Cloud Lec 5, Ch03 — "Every VM is implemented as a regular Linux process, scheduled by the standard Linux scheduler."
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Q5 — KVM cost advantage
CorrectB) KVM is free and open source with no additional licensing fees
RationaleKVM is open-source with no per-VM licensing cost.
CitationCloud Lec 5, Ch03 — "KVM is free and open source, which means businesses do not have to pay additional licensing fees to host virtual machines."
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Q6 — Resource multiplexing advantage
CorrectC) Higher resource utilization since peak demands are not synchronized
RationaleShared pools let unsynchronized peaks fill idle capacity.
CitationCloud Lec 1, Ch01 — "When multiple applications share a system, their peak demands for resources are not synchronized thus, multiplexing leads to a higher resource utilization."
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Q7 — Physical machine name
CorrectC) Host machine
RationaleThe physical hardware running the hypervisor is the host.
CitationCloud Lec 3, Ch02 — "My physical device is called the host machine."
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Q8 — Community deployment model
CorrectD) Community/Federated cloud
RationaleShared infrastructure among organizations with common concerns.
CitationCloud Lec 1, Ch01 & Cloud Lec 6, Ch05 — "Community/Federated Cloud — the infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a community that has shared concerns."
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Q9 — Least infrastructure control
CorrectC) SaaS
RationaleSaaS is the highest abstraction layer; users access finished apps with no infra control.
CitationCloud Lec 2, Ch01 — delivery models ordered SaaS (high level) → PaaS → IaaS (low level); SaaS users "do not manage or control the underlying Cloud infrastructure."
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NoteFaaS also minimizes infra control, but lecture stack ranks SaaS as highest abstraction / least control.
Q10 — Abstraction levels IaaS/PaaS/SaaS
CorrectB) SaaS is highest level; IaaS is lowest level
RationaleMore abstraction = less user-managed infrastructure.
CitationCloud Lec 2, Ch01 — "Software as a Service (SaaS) (high level)… Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) (low level)."
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Q11 — OPEX model
CorrectB) Pay-per-use without start-up costs
RationaleCloud shifts CAPEX to operational pay-as-you-go spending.
CitationCloud Lec 1, Ch01 — "switch from a CAPEX to an OPEX or variational expender cost model… eliminate start-up costs and take advantage of the pay-per-use model."
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Q12 — Type 1 hypervisor example
CorrectD) VMware ESXi
RationaleESXi is bare-metal; Workstation and VirtualBox are Type 2 hosted hypervisors.
CitationCloud Lec 3, Ch02 — Type 1 examples "ESXI from VMware"; Type 2 example "VM workstation."
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Q13 — KVM security technology
CorrectB) SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux)
RationaleSELinux establishes mandatory security boundaries around VMs.
CitationCloud Lec 5, Ch03 — "KVM uses a combination of Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) and (sVirt)… SELinux establishes security boundaries around VMs."
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Q14 — Greatest control and security
CorrectC) Private cloud
RationaleDedicated single-org infrastructure with full IT control and stronger isolation.
CitationCloud Lec 1, Ch01 — "Private clouds offer greater control and security"; Cloud Lec 6, Ch05 — private cloud advantages include "Better Control" and "Data Security and Privacy."
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Q15 — Type 2 slower than Type 1
CorrectB) The host OS consumes hardware resources
RationaleType 2 runs atop a host OS that steals CPU/RAM before VMs get them.
CitationCloud Lec 3, Ch02 — "type 2 is much slower than type 1 because the host OS will take hardware resources."
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